The Surprising Way Inflation Can Be Good for People With Debt (2024)

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Consumers generally understand how inflation is bad for them: Everything costs more, and cash and savings lose value. But most people aren't aware that inflation can actually be a good thing in certain circ*mstances — namely, if you’re in debt.

The real value of debt decreases when inflation is high. Think of it this way: While wages don’t always keep up with inflation when prices are rising rapidly, they do tend to increase during these periods, and that can make it easier to cover the payments on a fixed-rate loan product such as a mortgage or student loan. The idea is that you're now earning more, but your old debt obligations are unchanged.

Only a fraction of consumers understand that inflation can benefit debtors in this way, according to a research paper from finance experts at Goethe University Frankfurt and the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. And for better or worse, when people are educated on this effect, they respond by spending money and borrowing more freely, according to the paper.

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Inflation and debt: what the research found

The researchers partnered with an unnamed German bank to conduct a study involving 3,000 of its customers. The study began in July 2022, when the inflation rate in Germany was 8.7% — the highest level for the country in seven decades.

At the start of the study, only about a third of the participants understood that inflation reduces the real value of fixed-rate debt. For comparison, 75% of the participants understood that inflation negatively impacts the value of savings in fixed-rate accounts.

The participants were split into groups, one of which was given information about how inflation erodes the real value of debt.

When consumers were educated about debt erosion, they subsequently spent more money and showed a “reduction in debt aversion” in a hypothetical real estate loan scenario.

Why it matters

Consumers have more positive views about their debt and their wealth when they're taught about the effects of high inflation on debt, according to the paper. These perceptions tend to lead to increased spending.

“Households typically dislike high inflation,” the researchers wrote. “However, some households might benefit from unexpected inflation: it erodes the real value of debt with fixed nominal interest obligations, redistributing wealth from nominal savers to borrowers.”

Keep in mind, however, that inflation can also lead to consumers going deeper into debt as high prices for everyday goods strain budgets. Additionally, debt can snowball faster considering that consumers usually see higher interest rates for credit cards and new loans when inflation is higher.

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The Surprising Way Inflation Can Be Good for People With Debt (2024)

FAQs

The Surprising Way Inflation Can Be Good for People With Debt? ›

The real value of debt decreases when inflation is high. Think of it this way: While wages don't always keep up with inflation when prices are rising rapidly, they do tend to increase during these periods, and that can make it easier to cover the payments on a fixed-rate loan product such as a mortgage or student loan.

How can inflation be good? ›

When the economy is not running at capacity, meaning there is unused labor or resources, inflation theoretically helps increase production. More dollars translates to more spending, which equates to more aggregated demand. More demand, in turn, triggers more production to meet that demand.

Does inflation benefit the rich? ›

In fact, the upper middle class and the top 1% of Americans have actually benefited from high inflationary periods, increasing their wealth, while lower-wage families have been negatively impacted, according to a working paper by economist Edward Nathan Wolff for the National Bureau of Economic Research.

What are the advantages of inflation? ›

Inflation encourages spending: It can motivate consumers to spend rather than save, as the purchasing power of their money decreases over time. This increased spending can boost demand for goods and services, which can lead to higher sales and profits for businesses.

Is debt a double edged sword? ›

Debt is a double-edged sword. On one side, the leverage it creates is a powerful accelerator. It's the tool that allows you to expand a business, buy a house, or take advantage of a great idea. On the other side, debt is the chain that can bind your future or wipe you out entirely.

Does anyone benefit from inflation? ›

Inflation allows borrowers to pay lenders back with money worth less than when it was originally borrowed, which benefits borrowers. When inflation causes higher prices, the demand for credit increases, raising interest rates, which benefits lenders.

What is inflation in a good way? ›

How Can Inflation Benefit Homeowners? Homeowners with fixed-rate mortgages benefit from inflation because it effectively discounts the present value of their future mortgage payments. Home equity increases as housing prices rise as a result of inflation.

Who is hurt most by inflation? ›

Such inflations lead to welfare losses, which are largest for younger, less-educated households and for retirement-age college-educated households. Meanwhile, young and middle-aged college-educated households actually benefit from the inflationary oil shock.

Who makes money when inflation is high? ›

Real Estate. Real estate is a popular choice because it becomes a more useful and popular store of value amid inflation while generating increased rental income. Investors can buy real estate directly or invest in it by purchasing shares of a real estate investment trust (REIT) or specialized fund.

Who doesn't benefit from inflation? ›

Lenders are hurt by unanticipated inflation because the money they get paid back has less purchasing power than the money they loaned out. Borrowers benefit from unanticipated inflation because the money they pay back is worth less than the money they borrowed.

Does inflation benefit the poor? ›

rates also had higher poverty rates. find that lower inflation tends to increase the income of the poor over the longer term a result they attribute in part to the negative association between inflation and economic growth.

How does inflation benefit debtors? ›

It is caused when increase in money supply and production falls. Inflation brings most benefits to debtors because people seek more money from debtors in order to meet the increased prices of commodities.

Is the Bible a two-edged sword? ›

Hebrews 4:12 American Standard Version (ASV)

For the word of God is living, and active, and sharper than any two-edged sword, and piercing even to the dividing of soul and spirit, of both joints and marrow, and quick to discern the thoughts and intents of the heart.

Is alcohol a double edged sword? ›

Alcohol (ethanol) consumption is analogous to the proverbial double-edged sword, and perhaps no other factor in cardiovascular (CV) health is capable of cutting so deeply in either direction depending on how it is used.

What is a real double edged sword? ›

Literally, a double-edged sword is a sword that has two sharpened edges. Figuratively, double-edged sword refers to something that has both good and bad consequences.

What is the good point of inflation? ›

A slow and steady increase in inflation is actually considered a net positive. This is because it shows that consumers and businesses have money and are spending it.

How is inflation a beneficial process? ›

If prices are decreasing, consumers are incentivized to hold out for a better deal before making a purchase. Plus, inflation is beneficial to consumers in debt. It erodes the value of a loan or mortgage, freeing up more dollars to spend.

Why is inflation not going down? ›

Here's why prices still aren't going down. Historical data suggests a key factor in bringing down prices is a slowdown in consumer spending. Despite nearly half of Americans reporting they're in a worse financial situation than five years ago, they're still spending.

Why is 2% inflation good? ›

Cutting rates becomes difficult when interest rates are already near zero, something known as the zero lower bound problem. He cited several studies that found 2 percent was, in his words, "the lowest inflation rate for which the risk of the funds rate hitting the lower bound appears to be 'acceptably small.

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